Kurdisk nyår 2023
Nyårskryssning Cinderella · Nyårskryssning till Helsingfors Bränsletillägg tillkommer på avresor t o m 31/12 Bränsle- och EU. Kurds in the United States Sorani Kurdish : کوردانی ئەمریکا refers to people born in or residing in the United States of Kurdish origin or those considered to be ethnic Kurds. The first wave of Kurdish immigrants arrived as refugees during the s as a result of the Iraqi—Kurdish conflict.
A second wave of Kurdish immigrants arrived in the s fleeing Saddam Hussein's genocidal Anfal Campaign in northern Iraq. The most recent wave of Kurdish immigrants arrived as a result of the Syrian Civil War and the Iraqi Civil War , including a number who worked as translators for the U. Kurdish immigration to the US began in the 20th century, after the World War I , with several waves of migration to the United States from the area considered Kurdistan.
After the war, the Kurds had been promised an autonomous region, Kurdistan in the Treaty of Sèvres in The ideology of the time was heavily influenced by Woodrow Wilson 's doctrine of the right to self-determination. After the Turkish War of Independence , however, the treaty was annulled and replaced with the Treaty of Lausanne , which denied any Kurdish claim to an autonomous region.
After the reversal of Kurdish land claims and ensuing persecution, Kurdish emigration from the Middle East began. Many diaspora communities were established in Europe and other Kurds emigrated to the US. Following the wave of migrants that left in the aftermath of the World Wars, a second wave of Kurds in came from the north of Iraq and Iran. There were also large groups of Kurds that left because of the socio-political turmoil, a byproduct of the revolution and general political instability.
Many of the immigrants who made the journey in had hoped to overthrow the Shah or at least opposed him. The opposition to the Shah, many immigrants from Iran were granted asylum with little trouble and received assisted travel to the US. The third distinguished wave of Kurdish migrants arrived between and and is considered to be the largest of the four waves.
Kurdish Newroz
The most horrific and infamous of these attacks occurred at Halabja in Although different groups of Kurds have alternate interpretations of the attack, Kurds usually regard the event as evidence of genocide against the Kurdish people and have used that claim for political gains. Another major wave of Kurdish migration to the United States or at least to Nashville , which has the largest concentration of Kurdish communities in the country, was in and , following a major civil war between Iraqi Kurdistan's two major political parties, the Kurdistan Democratic Party KDP and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan PUK.
The Iraqi army began targeting hundreds of individuals accused of working against Saddam's regime. The International Organization for Migration initiated an evacuation. Kurdish refugees crossed the Turkish border, after which they were evacuated to Guam , a US territory, and later resettled in the US. The collapse of Saddam Hussein's regime in April led to a massive influx of Kurds returning to lands they were displaced from during the Ba'athist policies.
Several groups of Kurds emigrated to the United States by the instability caused by land disputes between returning Kurds and Arabs whose land they had occupied [ 12 ]. The total Kurdish population in the United States according to the census was 9, A neighborhood in south Nashville has been nicknamed as "Little Kurdistan" due to its large number of Kurds. This is the largest population of Kurds in the United States.
However, the U. Census data shows there are approximately 4, Kurds in Davidson County, and 5, in Tennessee, much lower than what Kurdish community officials estimate. California and Tennessee, both according to U. Census data published in , have a similar number of Kurds, hovering around 5, Kurds in Iraq have been the subject of aggressive Arabization processes following the Al-Anfal campaign of the early s.
The Arabization process took place in conjunction with massive displacement of Kurdish families from Kurdish regions, leading to an influx in Kurdish immigrants during the early s. Due to this communication network, Kurdish organizations in the US have provided a significant amount of aid and humanitarian relief to the Iraqi Kurdish population on several occasions, oftentimes going through the KRG to implement relief efforts.
The most aggressive of these policies was a language policy by Reza Khan that attempted to ban the Kurdish language, in favor of Persian. The international support and attention dissenters of the shah received helped Iranian refugees receive asylum in the US, which led to a large wave of migrants following the Revolution.
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Kurds occupy an unclear socio-political position in Iran. Although the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran granted equal rights to all ethnic minorities, distribution of vital resources such as healthcare, education, housing, and employment indicate that Kurds in Iran have remained an oppressed group in practice. The "Kurdish Question" has been present in Turkish politics since the country's inception l, and the issue has remained contentious.
The Turkish government has tried multiple assimilation strategies, including language policies that suppressed the Kurdish language, discriminative economic and employment practices towards Kurdish people and attempting to wholly ignore the ethnic identity of Kurds by referring to them instead as "Mountain Turks". One reason for the scarce amount of Turkish Kurds emigrating to the US is that many emigrating Turkish Kurds will travel to one of the closer Kurdish diaspora communities within the European Union like Germany, France, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Finland, all of which are all home to varying sized Kurdish communities.
Kurdish immigrants do not share a common language, however there are various dialects depending on the area of Kurdistan a Kurd is from. It has been deliberately outlawed from assimilation practices in Turkey and Iran. Kurdi, or Sorani , emerged as the literary expression of Kurdish language and is recognized in Iraq as the official written form of Kurdish.